Most of publishing happens in a browser. You join the Developer Program on the web, or in the Apple Developer app on an iPhone in some regions, and App Store Connect works on the web, iPhone and iPad.
The upload uses Xcode, Swift Playground, altool or Transporter, which run on a Mac or an iPad. Services do it for you from Windows: Borel uploads from its own Mac, and Expo’s EAS Submit runs on Windows too. More in publishing from Windows.